Replace the deprecated codesign --deep with explicit, and minimal, per-component signing of Frameworks, Plugins and the top-level bundle.
The CI signature check introduced in #34787 is updated to use --strict.
Can be tested with:
cmake -B build -DBUILD_GUI=ON
# delete artifacts before rebuilding the `deploy` target
rm -rf build/Bitcoin-Qt.app build/bitcoin-macos-app.zip
cmake --build build -t deploy
codesign --verify --deep --strict --verbose=4 build/dist/Bitcoin-Qt.app
Fixes #32486, supersedes #33592 (this is a condensed version)
Additionally this PR modifies 03_test_script.sh to avoid modifying GOAL in place. That was causing the codesign --verify step to get skipped entirely.